Indian Creation Stories Essay Example for Free

Indian Creation Stories Essay After reading the Iroquois and Pima creation myths in the book, I have been very intrigued by the Native American beliefs of the creation of the earth. It seems that nearly every tribe has a different belief of how it happened, though some are very similar. The Huron tribe, originally from the St. Lawrence Valley, have a very similar belief of creation as the Iroquois, where the Cherokee tribe had a totally different view than the Pima. The Iroquois and the Huron myths are both in the Earth-Diver category. In this type of myth, animals swim deep to the bottom of the water and bring up dirt in their mouth, forming the earth. Just like the Iroquois, in the Huron myth, a divine woman falls out the sky and is swept up just before hitting water by a hawk. The hawk then calls down in the water for help, for she is too heavy for it to hold by itself. First, a turtle comes out the sea for her to sit on, and then he instructs other animals such as ducks, beavers, and even a muskrat. After the earth is built, the woman gives birth to twins, but soon dies after giving birth to her two sons. The sons in both myths represent good and evil on earth. They were to prepare the earth so that humans could live on it, but they found out that they could not live together. So, they separated, with each one taking their own portion of the earth to prepare. Once older, the good son creates a sun and moon out of the remains of its mother’s body. It continues to create the world, forming vegetation and other useful tools to help humans survive. Meanwhile, the evil brother made outrageous animals, violent and disturbing. He made wolves, bears, venomous snakes, and panthers of giant size. He made massive mosquitos, the size of wild turkeys, and he made an enormous toad, it drank up the fresh water that was on the earth. The good brother then had to kill the toad to bring water back to the land. In the end, the good brother defeated the evil brother in a fight, sending the evil brother’s soul to the center of the earth. Pima creation myth is similar to the Iroquois and Huron myths in that there are both animals that help build the earth, except in the Pima myth, they are land animals instead of sea animals. Also, there are two main characters that represent good and evil. The Cherokee creation myth starts as the world being completely covered in water and earth merely being an island floating bove the seas suspended by four rawhide ropes. There were no people, and the animals lived above the rainbow. The animals sent the water beetle under the seas to search for more room, and it brought up mud that spread quickly, turning into land. Although at first the land was to soft and flat, Godfather buzzard went to check on the land and the wind from his wings created mountains and valleys, thus why the Cherokee territory has many mountains. As the new ground stiffened, the pulled the sun from behind the rainbow and raised it higher in the sky. The next thing created was the plants, and view animals were given the privilege to see at night. People were created last, with the women being able to have babies every seven days, the Creator feared that the world would soon become crowed and made it so women could only have one child a year. The Native American creation stories of the Iroquois and Huron are almost identical where the Pima and Cherokee are completely opposite of each other. This goes to show just how different the beliefs of different Indian tribes are, and how this holds true to how there are different beliefs across the United States still today.

Symbolic Characters in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Symbolic Characters in The Scarlet Letter Symbolic characters are very important in most powerful novels. One classic that uses characters as symbols is The Scarlet Letter. This novel is about a woman in Puritan society, Hester, who commits adultery with her minister, Arthur Dimmesdale. She has a daughter, Pearl, and is forced to wear a scarlet letter the rest of her life. Arthur hides his sin and becomes extremely troubled. Hester's husband, Roger, takes it upon himself to judge and punish Arthur for his sin and becomes like the devil. Three characters in the novel are symbolic; Roger Chillingworth, the young woman, and Pearl. One character in the story that is symbolic is Roger, Hester's husband. He is the symbol of a life consumed with revenge. When the reader first meets Roger, he is a mostly normal man. He was small in stature, with a furrowed visage, which, as yet, could hardly be termed aged. There was a remarkable intelligence in his features... (p. 56) The only unusual trait of his is a slight deformity of the shoulder. He is an intelligent man who spends most of his time reading. When Roger finds out that Hester has been unfaithful to him, he vows to take revenge on the man who sinned with her. Later he finds out that the man is Minister Arthur Dimmesdale and meticulously plots revenge. His life becomes consumed with the carrying out of his revenge. He himself sins as he tries to destroy Arthur's soul. Roger soon comes to resemble the devil. He even notices this similarity in himself. He says, "I have already told thee what I am! A fiend!" (p. 158) Hester also says that she pities him, "...for the hatred that has transformed a wise and just man to a fiend." (p. 159) Each of them recognize that Roger's life centered around hatred and revenge have made him like the devil. The symbol working in Roger, living to destroy, shows that tearing down another person causes as much damage to one's own life. Roger is the symbol of a life consu med by desire for revenge. Another symbolic character is the kind young woman. She is symbolic of hope in the story. Surrounded by people criticizing and being self-righteous the young woman alone has kind words to say to and about Hester Prynne.

Factors that affect enzyme activity

Since the active site for all molecules of one enzyme will be made up of the same arrangement of amino acids, It has a highly specific shape. Generally, there is only one active site on each enzyme molecule and only one type of substrate molecule will fit into it. This specificity leads to the lock and key hypothesis, Source 1: http:/twwa. s-cool. co. uk/a-level/blology/ biological-molecules-and-enzymes/revise-it/enzymes Source 2: http://cllck4blology. lnfo/c4b?/chem3. 6. htm#one a) Large globular protein enzyme b) Active Site where the substrate combines to the enzyme ) Substrate which fits the active site d) Activated complex.The substrate is weakened to allow the reaction. e) Unchanged enzyme/ re-used at low concentration f) Product of the reaction In my investigation, I will be using the enzyme catalase, which is found in most living organisms. It catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide Into water and oxygen. 2H202 + catalase > 2820 + 02 Catalase dramatically reduces the activation energy needed for the reaction. Without catalase the decomposition would take much longer, and would not be fast enough to sustain human life.Hydrogen peroxide is also a dangerous, very potent by-product of metabolism, so it is essential that it is broken down quickly, otherwise it would cause damage to cells. The activity of an enzyme is affected by its environmental conditions. Changing these will alter the rate of reaction caused by the enzyme. In nature, organisms adjust the conditions of their enzymes to produce an optimum rate of reaction, where necessary, or they may have enzymes which are adapted to function well In extreme conditions where they live.Enzyme Concentration: at low enzyme concentration there is great competition for he active sites and the rate of reaction is low. As the enzyme concentration increases, there are more active sites and the reaction can proceed at a faster rate, for more enzymes will be colliding with substrate molecules. Eventually, i ncreasing tne enzyme concentratlon Deyona a certain polnt nas no erect Decause tne suDstrate concentration becomes the limiting factor.Inquiring upon this factor, it is obvious to anticipate increasing enzyme concentration will also increase rate of reaction based upon contextual knowledge and after casting a certain amount of enzyme oncentration, it will no longer be the limiting factor. If I experiment on this factor, I would perceive my data to resemble the graph below, as it exemplifies how increasing enzyme concentration increases rate of reaction(shown through line climbing) until it becomes the limiting factor and the rate of reaction does not increase(shown through line not climbing).Source 3 :http://alevelnotes. com/Factors- affecting-Enzyme-Activity/146 Substrate Concentration: similar to the enzyme concentration, at low concentrations of substrate there is a low rate of reaction. This is because there are few substrate molecules to react with active sites and therefore li miting the number of reactions happening. Henceforth, increasing the substrate concentration will increase the rate of reaction. This is because more substrate molecules will be colliding with enzyme molecules, so more product will be formed.However, after a certain concentration, any increase will have no effect on the rate of reaction, since Substrate Concentration will no longer be the limiting factor. The enzymes will effectively become saturated, and will be working at their maximum possible rate. If I was to investigate this factor, I would predict the rate of reaction will increase as substrate concentration increases, until a certain concentration is added when the substrate molecules are in excess resulting in enzyme saturation.The graph (below) demonstrates my prediction. Source 3 :http://alevelnotes. com/Factors-affecting-Enzyme-Activity/146 enzyme and substrate Simple image portraying proposed image for concentration (discussed in according factors). Mentioned as â€Å" picture of proposed investigation below' Temperature: All enzymes ave optimal temperatures, the temperature at which an enzyme produces the highest reaction rate for a specific reaction. The majority of enzymes in the human body works best at 37 Celsius degrees.This is because 37 degrees Celsius is the bodys internal temperature and enzymes such as catalase, have been adapted to work best at that certain temperature. Below the optimum temperature, substrates have little kinetic energy and fewer enter the active site to be catalyzed. However, as temperature increases towards the optimum, the substrates and enzymes gain more inetic energy and collide more often leading to a chemical reaction. When the temperature goes above the optimum, the bonds holding enzymes together also gain kinetic energy, increasing the speed at which they vibrate.This leads to the bonds breaking within the enzyme, making it change shape. This change in shape means that the active site is less complementary to the shape of the substrate, so that it is less likely to catalyse the reaction. Eventually, the enzyme will Decome denatured ana will no longer Tunctlon. I nen as temperature Increases more nzymes' molecules' active sites will become less complementary for the substrate molecules and then more enzymes will be denatured.This will decrease the rate of reaction. If I examined this factor, I would predict that the rate of reaction will peak at 37 degrees Celsius, as that is the optimum temperature of catalase. Also, as stated in the latter paragraph, increasing or decreasing the temperature from its optimum will lower the rate of reaction. Therefore, I should expect the data I collected to be similar of the graph below. Source 4: http://www. rsc. rg/Education/Teachers/Resources/cfb/ enzymes. tm PH: pH measures the acidity and basicity ofa solution. It is a measure of the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration, and therefore a good indicator of the hydroxide ion (OH-) concentration. It ranges from PHI to pH14. Lower pH values mean higher H + concentrations and lower OH- concentrations. Unlike the same optimal temperature for all enzymes that dwell in the human body (370c); the optimum pH varies for the enzymes. For example, the enzyme pepsin has an optimum pH of 2. 0 whereas catalase has an optimum of 7. 6.Enzymes in different locations have different Optimum pH values since their environmental conditions may be different. In this instance, pepsin operates most competently at pH 2 because it is commonly found in the stomach, where pH is low due to the presence of hydrochloric acid. Enzymes work in small ranges of pH values, so any change above or below the optimum will cause a sudden decrease in rate of reaction, since more of the enzyme molecules will have active sites whose shapes are not (or at least are less) complementary to the shape of their substrate.Small changes below or above the optimum, does not cause a permanent change to the enzymes since the bonds can be reformed. However, extreme changes in pH can cause enzymes to denature and permanently loose their function. When the pH is changed from the optimal of the certain enzyme, the H+ and OH- interfere with hydrogen and ionic bonds that hold together an enzyme, since they will be attracted or repelled by the charges created by the bonds. This interference causes a change in the shape of the enzyme and most importantly, the active site.

Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins

Book review of The Hunger Games – Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins Katniss Everdeen has returned home safe after winning the 74th Annual Hunger Games along with fellow tribute Peeta Mellark. Winning means that they must turn around and leave their family and close friends, embarking on a â€Å"Victor's Tour† of the districts. Along the way Katniss senses that a rebellion is simmering, but the Capitol is still very much in control as President Snow prepares the 75th Annual Hunger Games (Quarter Quell) – a competition that could change Panem forever.I enjoyed this book as it kept me reading on and wanting to know what's going to happen next ecause the story line and the descriptive detail on each page. I didn't really dislike any parts of the book as it kept me reading on and I wanted to read more of what going to happen. Katniss Everdeen – is Just trying to get her life back to normal. But people of District 12 look at her differently now, and she's always on the radar in the Capitol. Now that she's won the Hunger Games, Katniss' family gets to live in a nice house and will never go hungry.Her role as the family's breadwinner is no longer needed. The others in her district also get more food and will be better off for at least a year, hanks to Katniss and Peeta's win in the arena. To them, she's a hero, but to herself, she's anything but. It seems pretty obvious what the most dangerous option of these is. It's harder to tell what was really going on in her mind, though. Most of the time, Katniss is full of self-loathing, especially when she must decide whether to run away or stick it out in District 12 and try to fght the Capitol.She wants her old life back as she knew where she stood in life; ‘l mourn my old life here. We barely scraped by, but I knew where I fit in, I knew what my place was in the tightly interwoven fabric hat was our life. I wish I could go back to it because, in retrospect, it seems so secure compared with n ow, when I am so rich and so famous and so hated by the authorities in the Capitol. ‘ Peeta Mellark – Throughout the book, Katniss admires Peeta's ability to make speeches: and then I think of it, what Peeta can do much better than the rest of us.He can use words. He obliterated the rest of the field at both interviews. And maybe it's because of that underlying goodness that he can move a crowd – no, a country – to his side with the turn of a simple sentence. ‘ Peeta speaks as naturally as Katniss hunts, but his skill isn't called for in the arena like hers is. It's the luck of the draw that she ends up as the face of the revolution, all the while thinking that Peeta would be much better suited for the task.Peeta is a bit of a contradiction: he's one of the kindest and least selfish characters in the book, but he's also one of the best liars. When the tributes have their final televised interviews before the Quarter Quell, Peeta steals the show by pr oducing not Just one but two excellent lies. These lies, pregnant, are so effective that the audience seems likely to explode. Gale Hawthorne – He and Katniss understand each other because they're both from the poorest part of town. He's a great hunter and a responsible provider for his family.And he and Katniss have a long history together. Gale and Peeta are also very different guys. Where Peeta is selfless, Gale is selfish. He wants Katniss all to himself; while Peeta is prepared to let her go if it will save her life. Consider how Katniss approaches both guys with her plan of running away. Gale is all into it until he learns that Katniss expects Peeta to go, too. In contrast, Peeta expects that Katniss would ant to bring Gale along, and he's still willing to follow her. But Just because Gale is selfish doesn't mean he's bad.It's kind of flattering to Katniss that he wants her all to himself, although she wouldn't be able to live with herself if they left Peeta behind. Eve n though Gale hasn't suffered like Katniss has at the hands of the Capitol, he's more than ready to rebel. Whereas Katniss is usually wishy-washy and cautious about the opposing the Capitol, Gale is certain. He's sick of the rules, sick of watching his family go hungry, and sick of having no choice about his future. He's so firmly against the Capitol that he won't even accept a gift Katniss brings him from the region.Gale has always been one for breaking the law. Like Katniss, he's had to poach to find food for his family, so obeying the law wasn't really an option. Unlike Katniss, though, Gale gets caught and is whipped within an inch of his life. Rather than scare him into submission, though, Gale Just becomes even more anti-Capitol. I would recommend this book to anyone who likes action and romance books as this has both, action from the games and rebellion and the romance from Peeta and Katniss.

Chris Farley Overdose on Cocaine essays

Chris Farley Overdose on Cocaine essays Chris Farley, a very popular actor to men, women, boys and girls died of an overdose of cocaine. He was very funny for his over-reacting and his physical comedy. He was on SNL (Saturday Night Live) for five years, then left to pursue a movie career. His movies include, Tommy Boy, Black Sheep, and Beverly Hills Ninja. Christopher Crosby Farley was born on February 15 1964, in Madison, Wisconsin. He studied theatre and communications at Marquette University. After finishing College Chris was in the cast of the Second City Theatre, where the producer of Saturday Night Live, Lorne Michaels, discovered him. After he was on SNL for 5 years he started to work on some movies, like Waynes World in 1992 and Coneheads in 1993. In 1995 he had a small but comedic cameo in Billy Madison. When he was in Tommy Boy in 1995, he had finally gotten very popular. Him and his comedic partner David Spade later made another movie together called Black Sheep in 1996. In 1997 he made his final popular movie called Beverly Hills Ninja. He then died later in 1997 due to an accidental cocaine overdose. Although he died in 1997 he had another movie that was released in 1998 called Almost Heroes. Chris Farley lived a very active and bad lifestyle. He had abused drugs and alcohol for many years. He also had another very bad problem. He had very much trouble stopping eating. He was just like his father. He has said that his father was over 500 pounds. He just could not stop eating, although he was ridiculed and laughed at for being obese. Chris Farley and his life idol, John Belushi, both lived very similar lives. Almost identical lives to be exact. They were both on SNL and both used physical comedy to be funny. They both lived short but fast lives. They both abused drugs and alcohol and both had problems with obesity. Even more identical was their age and cause of death. Chris Farley died of a cocaine ove ...

Case study of starbucks attraction strategies

Case study of starbucks attraction strategies Starbuck coffees want to lead for their best coffee in the world. Starbucks always believe in serving best coffee to their customer. Buying, roasting, and serving are the highest quality of starbucks. Starbucks also give there coffe to farmers who help to clean the environment. The knowledge we got from our farmers are helping us to use that same information in our other areas. Environmental Stewardship Starbucks is particular about the cleanliness. Coffee is an agricultural product. Starbucks is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. We are keeping in mind about the high standard quality product which will help us reduce our environmental impact. And for future generation we are taking actions like building up tree watering the plants saving energy. Theseare some factor that we should focus on. Recycling the cups Starbucks introduced a new disposable cup. Starbucks are introducing disposable cups was the only option that contain 10% post consumer recycled fibre. other stakeho lders are also helping starbucks to make there cups recycle and practising Starbucks, cup manufacturers, recyclers, and other stakeholders to jointly identify the steps required to make our cups recyclable in form and in practice. We planned to take a survey test to know what people think about the recycling cups in markets and it will be a good impact on teenagers. 100% recycling in stores Starbucks white cup has been main part of the coffee house . At the same time, it has become a major concern among our customers how are we recycling the cups and that to we can use it afterward. starbucks are aiming that they will make it 100% reusable cups within next five years. Starbucks are working on this works from a long time. And they assured that they will do whatever thay can to make this happen. MARKETING STARBUCKS IS A GREAT COMPANY FOR MARKETING Starbucks have a good name in market .starbucks do a lot of thing to promote their brand like advertising making website and opening there branches in all over the country. Starbuck have a good customer care service. They customers never complaint to them about the service which they provide. Starbucks have an advantage that the have a huge marketing online program so everyone can know about it. And it should also change the website design after few months so people should like it and for that they need to hire a professional manager. Marketing Mix When Starbucks marketing their products firms need to create a successful mix of: Product – to choose the right product for customers. Place – to choose the right place to sell the coffee Price – to choose reasonable price for customer satisfaction. Promotion – ways to promote the brand Starbucks marketing mix PRODUCT Starbucks have huge varieties of food material. it offers some special pastries, coffee and smoothes to satisfy customer demands.Starbucks also launched cappuccino for the people who love to have coffee at home. they can simple buy t he product from market and have the same taste while sitting at home. The Instant via Ready is an instant coffee that colourless taste from its regular brewed coffee.starbucks are offering new varieties in tea- a Full Leaf Tazo Tea Lattes and Tazo Tea Infusions which will attract tea drinkers.

UK laser printer market analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

UK laser printer market analysis - Essay Example This paper analyses the UK’s laser printing industry trends in recent times. HP is the major player in the UK laser printing industry with a market share of 39% in 2011, followed by Canon 19%, Epson 12% and Samsung 5% (Doidge, 2011). Even though Samsung’s market share is the lowest, statistics show that the growth rate of Samsung in UK laser industry is more than that of other companies. HP, Canon and Epson have suffered major setbacks in recent times while Samsung was able to maintain steady progress. The printing industry trends in UK are fluctuating rapidly in recent times. Fleur Doidge (2011) pointed out that â€Å"UK printer sales slid 15 per cent in unit terms during the second quarter of 2011, compared with the same period a year ago – with lasers the only segment to post growth†. Inkjet sales in the UK have been decreased substantially in 2011. Inkjet printer industry has lost 17 per cent market share by volume in 2011 (Doidge 2011) even though this loss was lesser compared to the loss suffered by other printing industry. In other words, laser printing industry was the only printing industry that was able to grow in 2011. However, the trend has been changed in 2012. In 2012, the inkjet printing industry in the UK has grown by 12.1% whereas the laser printer sales have only slightly increased, but overall inkjet sales have gone up a full 15%. (The European Printer Market Is Growing, 2012). The arrival of touchscreen mobile devices helped the printing industry in the UK to grow substantially in 2012. It should be noted that touchscreen mobile devices are mostly used by teenagers who are interested in using cheap printing machineries. Since laser printers are expensive than inkjet printers, teenagers usually prefer inkjet printers rather than laser printers. That is why the inkjet printing industry has grown more than laser printing industry in 2012 in the UK. Sam